Question:
The depth and analysis of key issues pertinent to your topic is required for essay discussions.Hate Crime
Talk about at least three major issues that victims of hate crimes may face when they interact with the criminal justice system of Victoria. Analyze any potential changes that could be made to enhance the experience of your chosen group.
Family Violence
The criminal justice systems can do more for victims of family violence in Victoria.
Refer to this statement and discuss at least three main challenges that family violence victims face. Analyze the major provisions in Victoria that support family violence victims.Vulnerable Victims Of Crime
Discuss the difficulties experienced by those with disabilities (physical and/or mental impairments) or elderly persons when dealing with the criminal system as a victim in Victoria.
Discussion should include an analysis of legislative and operational reforms introduced in recent times to improve the experience of vulnerable victim of crime.
Victims Of State Authority
Discuss three ways in which the power and influence of the state, through the agencies of the criminal justice systems in Victoria, can be used against individuals. Additionally, analyze key provisions that would or could prevent such victimization.
Answer to Question: ACR203 Crime Victims And Justice
Introduction
Family violence is a problem that has become a significant problem and can lead many criminal cases.
It is better if such activities are stopped in their infancy.
Family violence occurs when the dominant person in the family attempts oppression on the weak and the others are unable.
Oppression and suppression only affect the mentality that the person is experiencing it.
It is important to stand up for one’s rights and not allow any type of misbehavior within their own family.
Family violence can occur for many reasons, including depression, drinking excessively, esteem need and tradition within the family. Violence can be of many types like emotional/psychological, physical, sexual violence etc.
Female Violence in Victoria
Many believe that women are considered to be a weaker segment of society and so they are being suppressed.
This belief is totally false. It is about the ego of a man who cannot bear to see a woman standing beside him. He believes that beating women is a way he can make her feel more important and satisfy his esteem needs.
Australia is home to 1 out 5 women who are victims of sexual and physical abuse. 62% have suffered physical assault from male perpetrators.
An average of 58% of women have never spoken to the police. The number of women with children who are subject to such abuse is 61% (Australian institution of criminology 2017).
Family incidents in Victoria (January 2012-December 2016)(Source: crime statistics, 2017)
Victoria’s ratio is very sad. Family violence affects the 15-44 age group. In 2016, 78628 family cases were recorded by the Victoria Police, which was 5.7% higher than 2015.
In practice, female abuse can be seen as affecting one person only. But in person, it can also affect other family members.
These are the data about indirect abuse that is done to other family members.(Source: crime statistic, 2017)
If you look at the data, it can be seen that the abuse rate has increased over time.
Despite numerous efforts, this rate has risen because the victim isn’t trying to take a stand.
They don’t even want to confront the problem, they just deal with it.
It is clear that although the victim report rate has declined over the past five year, it has continued to rise.
It can be seen that crime is on the rise, but that cases are not being filed has been shown in the analysis (crime statistics for 2017).
A proportion of all victim reports according to offence category, from January 2012 through December 2016.(Source: Crime Statistics, 2017)
Vick 2017, Victoria, 2017: Women suffering abuse are not restricted to those who live in rural or remote areas.
Male gender, family tradition, alcohol and drug consumption are all major risk factors for violence.
Masculinity refers mainly to the male ego. He believes he has the upper hand and everyone else must follow his lead.
A toxic masculinity does not believe gender equality. They think women are the weaker part of society that needs support and protection from the male.
The toxic masculinity promotes violence because of their rigid chauvinist nature.
This leads to domestic violence and sexual assault. Their ego cannot bear rejection making them mad, so they are unable to accept it.
From the beginning, it was evident that some people believe in hitting women.
This has made the culture of female a part of these families.
It is culturally believed that men are the superior and should be allowed to interact with women.
They believe that women should be suppressed because it serves their ego needs.
These types of people are not exposed to any type of social learning during their childhood. This makes them believe that what their parents do is right.
In these cases, the women do not get to acknowledge that their husband, father or brother are wrong.
They believe that the dominating person is doing wrong and they also assume that what happened to their sister and mother is true.
Some people are born with this stereotype nature. However, they do not learn the right lessons.
Drinking toxic substances such alcohol or drugs can make people more aggressive and abusive than others. In fact, it has been reported that 25-85 percent of people assault their spouses and batter them.
Vichealth 2017 states that someone who has been exposed to alcohol may have a completely different outlook than the sober individual.
A person who has taken alcohol or drug can’t think straight and therefore is unable understand the world around him.
He is more likely to do illegal activity because of his nervous breakdown.
According to studies, men who have trouble controlling their drinking tend to be more inclined to engage illegally because of their unbalanced mind.
These acts are not performed by all those who drink, but it is one of the main risk factors for female violence (crime statistics, 2017).
Victoria has been at the forefront of cases of family abuse for over 15 years. Various provisions have also been made to end such violence.
Commonwealth Act, family violence protection, etc.
These laws were established to protect victims against abuse.
The COAG government initiated reforms for women. They amended the national domestic violence orders scheme and introduced criminal charges. A Coordinator-General position for Domestic Violence was also established to monitor laws and protect the rights of victims. (Council of Australian Governments, 2017).
This practice was intended to increase safety for victims and share as much information possible.
AFM (affected family members), were also encouraged to receive support in order to remain safe at their homes.
Commonwealth government also provided 24/7 counseling assistance via phone and online for victims of violence in Victoria.
Victoria police launched a party-safe program in order to lessen the chance of violent incidents within the parties (Victoria cop, 2015).
COAG approved the national plan to decrease domestic violence against women, and their children, in 2011.
The office for Women (OfW), in collaboration with the federal department social services (DSS), implemented the nation plan.
The National Plan focused on the following policies. Free and safe communities, respectful relationships; strengthening indigenous communities. Services provided shall address the needs of victimized mothers and their children. Personnel shall stop their violence and be held responsible for their actions. Justice shall be effective (Commonwealth 2009.
The VP initiated emergency services for victims by calling 000 when there was an immediate need.
Section 13 of the family violence law gives the police power to order and detain them and to ensure the safety of their family members.
For the arrest of the perpetrator, a warrant could be issued under section fifty of this act.
Domestic Violence Resource Centre Victoria was created by the government in 2008 to provide counsel, protection from domestic assaults, education, and enforcement of laws.
There are both criminal and civil laws that apply to domestic violence of women.
Family Law Act 1975, the court is responsible for its proceedings.
The Commonwealth and state governments work together on the same to aid the victims. They also implement the Nation Plan 2010-22, which aims to reduce violence against women (ALRC 2011).
This national plan includes action plans designed to achieve specific goals such as preventing sexual assault and offering greater support for those who are affected.
Vichealth conducted surveys in different communities to find out the status of victims.
The Victoria government also intends to provide living accommodation to victims with accommodation issues. In addition, they announced Women Security Package of approximately $15 million to provide legal and healthcare support to victims located within high-alert and remote areas.
They are provided with safe and secure care in facilities that offer these services.
National Partnership on Agreement on Homelessness (NPAH), a government initiative to deliver accommodation services to those in need, was created by the government.
The budget of $230,000,000 was prepared by the government to aid homeless victims in 2015-16 (Human rights 2012).
The Victorian government is working to eliminate female domestic violence. However, these issues will not be solved unless victims receive proper social learning about rights and remedies.
Even though there are norms in place for these cases, the ratio is still increasing.
So the government will investigate why there has been an increase in family violence.
Family violence has increased due to societal pressure, neglect in the nature and pain of women, and other reasons.
The country should pay particular attention to female violence.
WHO international showed that rather than focusing on providing support services, the government needs to be more focused on preventing the use of such services within their country.
The prime minister declared that he would raise the issue of national consciousness.
National Crisis Summit was funded by $ 70 million from the opposition labor party (World Health Organization, WHO 2013). It is intended to provide legal assistance and safety for victims.
Refer to
ABC, 2016, Factfile: Domestic violence, viewed from: http://www.abc.net.au/news/factcheck/2016-04/06/fact_file-domestic–violence-statistics/7147938>ALRC, 2011, Family Violence and Commonwealth Laws–Improving Legal Frameworks, ALRC Report, viewed on 19 may 2017, from https://www.alrc.gov.au/sites/default/files/pdfs/publications/whole_alrc_117.pdfAustralian institute of criminology, 2017, Key issues in domestic violence, viewed on 19 may 2017, from https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/current%20series/rip/1-10/07.html
Commonwealth, 2009, Domestic Violence Laws in Australia, The National Council to Reduce violence against women and their children.
Council of Australian Governments 2017, National plan for reducing violence against women, and their children, 2010-2022. Department of Social Services (DSS). Retrieved from https://www.dss.gov.au/women/programs/reducingviolence/the National Plan-to Reduce Violence-Against Women-and-Their Children-2010-2022.Crime statistics, 2017, Data released: Victorian Family Violence Database, viewed on 19 may 2017, from https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au/data-released-victorian-family-violence-databaseCrime statistics, 2017, Family Violence, viewed on 19 may2017, from https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au/research-and-evaluation/publications/family-violenceHuman rights, 2012, Consolidation of Commonwealth Discrimination law – domestic and family violence, viewed on 19 may 2017, from https://www.humanrights.gov.au/consolidation-commonwealth-discrimination-law-domestic-and-family-violenceLegislation, 2008, Family Violence Protection Act 2008, viewed on 19 may 2017, from https://www.legislation.vic.gov.au/Domino/Web_Notes/LDMS/PubStatbook.nsf/f932b66241ecf1b7ca256e92000e23be/083D69EC540CD748CA2574CD0015E27C/$FILE/08-52a.pdfLiberty victoria, 2017, CRIMINAL JUSTICE, viewed on 19 may 2017, from https://libertyvictoria.org.au/lv/themes/criminal-justice
Parliament of Australia (2011) Domestic violence in Australia – An overview of the issues. Retrieved from https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BN/2011–2012/DVAustralia>Vic, 2017, Family Violence the Plan for Change, viewed o 19 may 2017, from, https://www.vic.gov.au/familyviolence.htmlVichealth, 2017, Alcohol Culture Change Initiative 2016-2019, viewed on 19 may 2017, from https://www.vichealth.vic.gov.au/programs-and-projects/alcohol-culture-change-initiativeVictoria police, 2015, Code of Practice for the Investigation of Family Violence, viewed on 19 may 2017, from https://www.police.vic.gov.au/content.asp?Document_ID=43361
World Health Organisation, 2013, Global and Regional Estimates of Violence against Women: Prevalence and Health Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence and Non-Partner Sexual Violence. London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and South African Medical Research Council.