Question:

Answer to Question: HLTHIR404D Work Effectively With Aboriginal

The most common health problem that affects a large portion of Australians is kidney disease.

A greater proportion of those with chronic kidney disease is from Australian indigenous families than people from other countries.

It was found that nearly 10% of cases of ESKD (end-stage kidney disease) were diagnosed in patients from Aboriginal backgrounds. In Australia, only 2.5% is indigenous. Based on this estimate, one can easily calculate the size of the Torres Islanders and aboriginals affected by the diseases.

In 2008-2009, 11 times as many patients of indigenous origin were admitted to hospital for dialysis (Hoy et.al., 2014).

There are many sources of information on chronic kidney disease in indigenous Australians. These include self-reported surveys and other community-based studies.

Rates were higher among indigenous people who live in remote or very isolated areas. The highest rates were found in northern Australian communities.

Due to the increasing urgency of kidney replacement therapy for ESKD cases in indigenous people, the rate of hospitalizations increases.

The high cost of the therapy means that regular dialysis systems are also used, with a higher number admissions to hospitals.

The incidence of kidney diseases leading to death is higher in the indigenous population than in the non-indigenous population.

The death rate for indigenous males and females is especially high after 25 years of age (Foote.The different factors that have been found by researchers to be the main factors that lead to the development of the disorders in the population of the aboriginals and the Torres islander includes improper maintenance of the symptoms of diabetes, glomerulo-nephrititis and hypertension.

Additionally, abnormal lipid metabolism, mineral- and bone disorders and sleep apnoea are some of the causes.

Poor nutrition, proteinuria uraemia and hyperkalemis are just a few of the associated dysfunctions that lead to impaired kidney functions (Jha and co., 2014).

Many researchers also believe that the increase in chronic diseases stems from the changing of people’s lives, roles and lifestyles.

These researchers suggested that they were embedded in the different social foundations. This is automatically reflected by them as the social determinants of health.

This is what contributed to the emergence of critical kidney disease and other diseases.

Other socio-economic factors are also contributing to the increase in kidney disease.

The increase in CKD patients is also due to poor living conditions and poverty.

It is crucial that the authorities concerned not only give importance to prevention, control, management and treatment of kidney diseases, but also contemplate effective as well acceptable treatment and preventive measures that will inevitably address other poor socioeconomic conditions.

Other factors that contribute to the development of disorders include biomedical, behavioral and psychological factors.

These include infant malnutrition, reported infections, and low birth weight (Tsai and al., 2016).

Engagement in high-risk behavior can lead to serious health consequences.

These behaviors include poor diets, excessive alcohol and tobacco use, as well as low physical activity.

These problems are more common in indigenous females. Research suggests that efforts to minimize them will have positive results in reducing kidney disorders in indigenous populations.

In order to address kidney disease in indigenous Australians, there should be many initiatives at the governmental levels.

KIDNEYHEALTH – A report on policy options that mainly focused on improving the condition of kidney disordered aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders.

The Kidney health Australia’s World Kidney Day Leadership Breakfast was the inspiration for this initiative. Garcia et. al. (2015).

It was able to give an overview of all the issues facing indigenous people suffering from kidney disorder.

This policy made new recommendations that were needed to be considered both by the Federal Government and by the state and territory governments.

They also guided the key health organisations working to improve the health of the indigenous population and the kidney community.

This article was published in 2015, during the month of September.

The Senate Select committee on Health, which was formed in 2014, is able to inquire about the health policy and the administration and spending of initiatives taken for the Indigenous people.

KHA offered a variety of guidelines which were helpful in advancing the noble cause of indigenous health when they sought submissions.

There was much discussion about the experiences of indigenous people with disproportionate CKD treatments, regardless their urban, rural, and regional locations.

They also discussed the role of the Federal Government in providing solid leadership for different indigenous affairs, health and policy implementation with the association of Cabinet and Prime minister (DPMC).

A multidisciplinary, multiculturally-respecting, competent health workforce is important for improving the health of Torres strait Islander aboriginals and Torres strait Islanders.

These policies also indicated that well-resourced preventive programs in the primary healthcare sector will reduce the incidence of various chronic diseases, such as kidney diseases.

This will allow for longer term savings at both the acute and high-cost stages.

The result is that even though the government is doing their best to bridge the gap in the health benefits of non-indigenous as well, many people are still affected.

Numerous socioeconomic factors are still determinants of health and should be addressed by authorities.

A variety of policies were recently implemented in the country that helped to address many of the important aspects required to bridge the gap in health treatment inequality.

It is certain that equitable healthcare treatment can be achieved for all Australians with chronic kidney disease. This will make Australia a nation that has many generations of promising better quality of life.References:Ashman, A. M., Collins, C. E., Weatherall, L., Brown, L. J., Rollo, M. E., Clausen, D., … & Lumbers, E. R. (2016).

A study on the Gomeroi gaaynggal cohort of Indigenous Australian women, and their children, through pregnancy and beyond.

Journal of the developmental origins of disease and health, 7(4). 357-368.Foote, C., Clayton, P. A., Johnson, D. W., Jardine, M., Snelling, P., & Cass, A. (2014).

Effect of GFR reporting on late referrals and practice patterns for patients with end-stage kidney disease: a multilevel logistic regression analysis based on the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases. 64(3): 359-366.Garcia-Garcia, G., Jha, V., Tao Li, P. K., Garcia-Garcia, G., Couser, W. G., Erk, T., … & Osafo, C. (2014).

Chronic kidney disease in disadvantaged communities.

Clinical kidney journal 8(1), 3-6.Hoy, W. E., White, A. V., Tipiloura, B., Singh, G. R., Sharma, S., Bloomfield, H., … & McCredie, D. A. (2014).

The effects of birthweight, past poststreptococcal and current body weight index on levels albuminuria in young adults. Multideterminant model for renal disease in an Aboriginal population in remote Australia with high rates renal disease and kidney failure.

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 31(6): 971-977.Jha, V., Garcia-Garcia, G., Iseki, K., Li, Z., Naicker, S., Plattner, B., … & Yang, C. W. (2013).

Global perspectives and chronic kidney disease: A global perspective.

The Lancet. 382(9888), 262-272.Luckett, T., Spencer, L., Morton, R. L., Pollock, C. A., Lam, L., Silvester, W., … & Clayton, J. M. (2017).

Advance care planning for chronic kidney disease: A survey on current practice in Australia. Nephrology, 22(2), 139-149.Maple-Brown, L. J., Hughes, J. T., Ritte, R., Barzi, F., Hoy, W. E., Lawton, P. D., … & Cherian, S. (2016).

An eGFR study on the progression of kidney disease in Indigenous Australians.

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology CJN-9770915.Sellars, M., Tong, A., Luckett, T., Morton, R. L., Pollock, C. A., Spencer, L., … & Clayton, J. M. (2017).

Interview Study: Clinicians’ Perspectives on Advance Care Planning in Australia for Patients with CKD.

American Journal of Kidney Diseases.