NRSG372 Principles Of Nursing: Chronic Illness And Disability


Answers:
Case Summary & Modifiable Risk Factor

Liam is a fifty-five-year-old man who is a bricklayer by profession. At the age of 19, he immigrated to Australia. He is now living with his wife Lorna and has three daughters, who are not living with them. Liam has been diagnosed with peripheral vascular disease also known as PAD (Machulska et al, 2021).

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How Risk Factor Impact Disability

Smoking is one of the greatest correlated risk issues for PAD. Nicotine leads the blood vessels to tighten. Also, the substances in cigarettes have a substantial impact. The symptoms of smoker’s leg are leg weakness as per the justifiable for given case study.

Health Behaviour Theory

A health behaviour theory that is used as a basis for intervention here is transtheoretical theory (Levin et al, 2021). The transtheoretical model which is sometimes also referred as, the stages of change model recommends that smokers pass through a series of discrete phases before they quit positively.

Practical Strategy For Implementation

The innovative and practical strategy that can be used to be implemented at home by the individual is the practise of E-cigarettes (Kotz, Böckmann & Kastaun, 2018). E-cigarettes are battery devices that produce an inhaled aerosol. It contains a metal tube similar to a normal cigarette, a battery, a spray, and a disposable cartridge that contains fluid nicotine, propylene glycol, glycerine, flavouring, and other substances.

Support Group Available Locally

Quitline is a real support group which can help to support quitting smoking (Glover, R. M., & Gates, 2021). The counsellors there, are trained ones. They assist one in breaking the habit of chain-smoking. The experts over there provide strategies and tips to overcome the temptation of smoking.

References

Ahluwalia, I. B., Tripp, A. L., Dean, A. K., Mbulo, L., Arrazola, R. A., Twentyman, E., & King, B. A. (2021). Tobacco smoking cessation   and quitline use among adults aged≥ 15 years in 31 countries: findings from the Global Adult Tobacco Survey. American Journal of   Preventive Medicine, 60(3), S128-S135.

Alsadiqi, A. I. M., Subki, A. H., Abushanab, R. H., Ocheltree, M. R., Bajahmom, H. A., Alsadiqi, Y. I. M., & Alhejily, W. A. (2019).   Peripheral artery disease risk factors in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a retrospective study. International Journal of General Medicine, 12,   49.

Beahrs, T. R., Reagan, J., Bettin, C. C., Grear, B. J., Murphy, G. A., & Richardson, D. R. (2019). Smoking effects in foot and ankle   surgery: an evidence-based review. Foot & ankle international, 40(10), 1226-1232.

Cieslak, K., & Freudenreich, O. (2018). 4 Ways to help your patients with schizophrenia quit smoking. Current Psychiatry, 17(2), 28-30.

Gallucci, G., Tartarone, A., Lerose, R., Lalinga, A. V., & Capobianco, A. M. (2020). Cardiovascular risk of smoking and benefits of   smoking cessation. Journal of thoracic disease, 12(7), 3866.

Glover-Kudon, R. M., & Gates, E. F. (2021). The role of quitlines in tobacco cessation: an introduction. American Journal of Preventive   Medicine, 60(3), S99-S102.

Hacker, K. A., & Kang, J. Y. (2021). Tobacco cessation quitlines: an evolving mainstay for an enduring cessation support   infrastructure. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 60(3), S185-S187.

Kim, Y., Kang, S., & Vongjaturapat, N. (2021). Application of transtheoretical model to explain adolescents’ smoking behavior. Journal of   Substance Use, 1-6.

Klemperer, E. M., Mermelstein, R., Baker, T. B., Hughes, J. R., Fiore, M. C., Piper, M. E., … & Cook, J. W. (2020). Predictors of   smoking cessation attempts and success following motivation-phase interventions among people initially unwilling to quit   smoking. Nicotine and Tobacco Research, 22(9), 1446-1452.

Kondo, T., Nakano, Y., Adachi, S., & Murohara, T. (2019). Effects of tobacco smoking on cardiovascular disease. Circulation   Journal, 83(10), 1980-1985.

Kotz, D., Böckmann, M., & Kastaun, S. (2018). The use of tobacco, e-cigarettes, and methods to quit smoking in Germany: A   representative study using 6 waves of data over 12 months (the DEBRA study). Deutsches Ärzteblatt International, 115(14),   235.

Levin, M. G., Klarin, D., Assimes, T. L., Freiberg, M. S., Ingelsson, E., Lynch, J., … & Damrauer, S. M. (2021). Genetics of smoking   and risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. JAMA network open, 4(1), e2034461-  e2034461.

Machulska, A., Eiler, T. J., Kleinke, K., Grünewald, A., Brück, R., Jahn, K., … & Klucken, T. (2021). Approach bias retraining through virtual reality in smokers willing to quit smoking: a randomized-controlled study. Behaviour research and therapy, 141, 103858.

Pilafas, G., Paraskevi, N., & Menti, D. (2022). Evaluating and comparing the efficacy of the ‘trans-theoretical model’and ‘theory of planned behavior’on smoking cessation. A systematic review of the current literature. Health & Research Journal, 8(1), 35-49.

Upadhyay, S., Lord, J., & Gakh, M. (2019). Health-information seeking and intention to quit smoking: Do health beliefs have a mediating role?. Tobacco use insights, 12, 1179173X19871310.