Question:
Qualitative Study
You will compare mixed and quantitative research designs.
This Assignment will require you to critically evaluate a research study that is either qualitative or quantitative, and to compare the information they provide.
To prepare:
Select a health topic that is of interest to you, and which is applicable to your current practice area.
Answer to Question: NURS 5052 Essentials Of Evidence-Based Practice
These two scholarly articles deal with the topic:
A quantitative study of smoking experimentation and initiation among adolescents girls
Qualitative analysis of patients’ perceptions on doctors’ advice for quitting smoking: Implications to opportunistic healthcare promotion.Quantitative Research Critique
Research Question and Purpose
To describe the patterns of smoking experimentation in adolescent girls. (Butler, et al. 2013)Researcher Pre-understandings
The article does not include any discussion of the researcher’s prior understandings
Literature Review
This literature review covers all areas where there have been reports on smoking rates.
This has been the topic of discussion about nicotine dependence.
Theoretical Framework or Conceptual Framework
The conceptual framework of this paper relies on smoking, adolescents, tobacco usage, and smoking initiation.Participants
205 girls were interviewed and took part in the survey during year 3.
Two Tucson urban high schools had 11 and 10-year-old girls.
Protection of Human Research Participants
This paper examines the semantics of smoking discourse. Particularly, adolescents describe their own smoking habits and their peer’s smoking habits, as well as the social contexts within which they smoke (Greenhalgh T. and Taylor R. 2017).
Research Design
The data in this paper is from year 3 of a longitudinal three-year study on food intake, smoking, and dieting among Tucson, Arizona (USA).
A 279-girl cohort, consisting 158 eighth graders (13-14) and 121 ninth graders (11-45)
Ten focus group discussions were conducted. Each group consisted of six girls.
Interviews, survey questionnaires and focus group discussions were all conducted in high schools.Data Collection/Generation Methods
This study involved multiple methods.
Each girl completed one ethnographic interview, which took about one hour.
Each girl completed a survey questionnaire of 113 questions.
Interviews, questionnaires, focus groups, and surveys all took places in high schools.
All focus group and individual interviews were taped. Later, they were transcribed with Notebook software (Roddy und al. 2016).
Credibility
Yes, they are as credible as the results of the experiments.
Data Analysis
To gather data on girls’ smoking habits, ethnographic research was used.
The authors identified new variables to be included in the study through ethnography over the three-year period (Corbin Strauss & Strauss 2014).
Findings
The research found that over 40% of girls believed their classmates smoked.
Discussion of Findings
These results are consistent and similar to previous studies on teens’ smoking habits.
The only thing left unexamined in these survey data are the levels of smoking among girls.
Limitations
This paper doesn’t discuss limitations.
Implications
Researchers have generally concluded that teens who smoke just one cigarette per month are smokers.
Studies in the past have shown that adults who smoke at this rate (at least once a month) are more likely than non-smokers to develop adult smoking disorders by 16 percent.
Recommendations
According to interviews, the term “smoker” could refer to any number of behaviors. This could include smoking half a pack daily, or having a cigarette at an event.
Future surveys are required to get more detailed data about this topic.
Research Utilization in Your Practice
This paper will provide information about smoking habits among adolescents.Qualitative Research Critique
Research Question and Purpose
To determine the effectiveness or acceptability of general practitionersResearcher Pre-understandings
Prior qualitative studies on health promotion have shown that patients do not like being advised to change their lifestyle by doctors. (Nichter et al., 2017).
Literature Review
This paper doesn’t discuss literature reviews.Participants
42 participants were asked about their initial smoking habits, efforts to quit, thoughts about the future, and past experiences dealing with the health system.
Protection of Human Research Participants
It is not clear that the topic of protecting rights has been raised here.
Research Design
Interviews were held at 21 general practices in South Wales with current smokers, and smokers who had quit recently.
Interviews were conducted by 42 of the 536 smoking participants who were recruited to this trial.
24 out of 42 subjects interviewed were women. Six were aged 20-29, thirteen were 30-39 and twelve were 40–49. Six were 50-59. Five were over 60.Data Collection/Generation Methods
One round of interviews was used to gather data. These included questions about attempts to quit smoking, future plans, past experiences with the healthcare system, and past smoking patterns (Graham et. al., 2014).
Credibility
Interviews were conducted with the general physician and the social science.
Interviews with the general practitioners would make the suggestion less truthful.
Data Analysis
The initial codification of 73 categories involved all three researchers and the research assistant.
Analysis went through the stages of data reduction and data display before reaching conclusions.
Findings
Smokers were aware that they might be offered antismoking advice from doctors when they visited for medical care. They responded by becoming annoyed, guilty or diminishing the situation.
Discussion of Findings
These findings are consistent and similar to previous studies that showed teens’ exaggerated smoking prevalence.
Limitations
Dr-patient relationships can be damaged when doctors regularly advise smokers to quit.
Therefore, doctors need to observe how patients react to different types of intervention.
It is then that it is acceptable (Roskin and Aveyard (2015)).
Implications
This paper doesn’t discuss the implications of the study.
Recommendations
Many patients were not ready for quitting, but they expected that doctors would tell them.
Many patients responded to this by simply shrugging it off or feeling guilty, angry, or changing their help-seeking behaviour.
Research Usefulness in Your Practice
This paper is useful in my practice since it describes the doctor patient relationship.
ReferencesButler, C. C., Simpson, S. A., Hood, K., Cohen, D., Pickles, T., Spanou, C., … & Kinnersley, P. (2013).
A cluster randomised trial of training primary care professionals to offer opportunistic multiple behavior change counselling. BMJ, 346, f1191.Greenhalgh, T., & Taylor, R. (2017).
Qualitative research refers to papers that go far beyond the numbers.
BMJ: British Medical Journal. 315 (7110), 740.Roddy, E., Antoniak, M., Britton, J., Molyneux, A., & Lewis, S. (2016).
Qualitative study to examine the barriers and motivations for smokers who are deprived to have access to cessation services.
BMC Health Services Research. 6(1): 147.Corbin, J., Strauss, A., & Strauss, A. L. (2014).
A primer on qualitative research. Sage.Roskin, J., & Aveyard, P. (2015).
An qualitative study to compare the views of English and Canadian students on waterpipe smoking.
BMC public health, 9(1).Nichter, M., Vuckovic, N., Quintero, G., & Ritenbaugh, C. (2017).
A qualitative and quantitative study of smoking experimentation and initiation among adolescents girls. Tobacco Control, 6(4), 285-295.Taylor, G., McNeill, A., Girling, A., Farley, A., Lindson-Hawley, N., & Aveyard, P. (2014).
Meta-analysis and systematic review of the effects of smoking cessation on mental health. Bmj, 348, g1151.Graham, H., Flemming, K., Fox, D., Heirs, M., & Sowden, A. (2014).
Cutting down on smoking during pregnancy: insights from qualitative studies.
Health & Social Care in the Community, 22(3). 259-267.